Experimental Drug Reduces Opioid ConstipationExperimental Drug Reduces Opioid Constipation
An experimental drug, CB-5945, reduced opioid-related constipation in a phase 2 trial. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Larvae of the midge Chironomus riparius possess two distinct mechanisms for ionoregulation in response to ion-poor conditions
This study examined the role of the anal papillae of the freshwater (FW) chironomid larva Chironomus riparius in ionoregulation under ion-poor conditions. The scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET) was utilized to characterize the species, direction, and rates of inorganic ion transport by the anal papillae following acute and long-term exposure to ion-poor water (IPW). The major inorganic ions in the hemolymph of larvae treated as above were measured using standard ion-selective microelectrodes. The anal papillae of C. riparius are sites of net NaCl uptake and H+ secretion under FW and IPW conditions and are not likely to be a major contributor of K+ exchange. Acute and long-term exposure to IPW increased total net transport of Na+, Clndash;, and H+ by the anal papillae, but t...