The antinociceptive effects of intravenous tianeptine in colorectal distension-induced visceral pain in rats: The role of 5-HT(3) receptors.
In this study, we aimed to investigate the antinociceptive effect of tianeptine on visceral pain in rats and to determine whether possible antinociceptive effect of tianeptine is mediated by serotonergic (5-HT(2,3)) and noradrenergic (α(1,2)) receptor subtypes. Male Sprague Dawley rats (250-300g) were supplied with a venous catheter, for drug administrations, and enameled nichrome electrodes, for electromyography, at external oblique musculature. Colorectal distension (CRD) was employed as the noxious visceral stimulus and the visceromotor response (VMR) to CRD was quantified electromyographically before and 5, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120min after tianeptine administration. Antagonists were administered 10min before tianeptine for their ability to change tianeptine antinociception. Intravenous...

Native Americans Struggle With High Rate of Rape
The assault rate on tribal lands is higher than the national average, and reservation residents who report being attacked often confront gaps in medical and legal help. (Source: NYT Health)